This is the simple, accurate explanation I found...
http://mattikaarts.com/blog/nitrates-and-nitrites/
Nitrates and Nitrites – what’s the difference?
When we talk about nitrites/nitrates, we are normally talking about Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Nitrate. There are other sources however (Potassium Nitrate, or Saltpetre) and we will talk about those later.
In short, quite a lot but also not that much. It is technically nitrITES that do the work. By “do the work” I mean give cured meat that lovely pink color, and sharp cured taste. Nitrite is also the delightful compound that helps prevent Cl. botulinum developing spores that gives us botulism poisoning – the most deadliest poisoning known to man.
So what do nitrATES do, and why do we use them? Well, consider nitrates to be a “slow release” form of nitrites. Bacteria in meat after a while will react with nitrate and create nitrITE. Since nitrite gets used up during the curing process, it is important to use some nitrates for meat curing that takes a while – like salami.
However, since it can take a while for the bacteria to start reacting with sodium nitrate, we should make sure that for meat curing, which can take many months, we use BOTH nitrite and nitrate to properly color the meat, give the tenderizing and taste effect, and also most importantly provide the required protection against botulism poisoning.
Hundreds of years ago, some butchers had access to salt that had natural nitrates in it... When they cured meats that they hung in basements or caves at around 50 ish degrees, the nitrates were converted to nitrITES by a specific bacteria in the meat... Their patrons did not get botulism and die... They ended up being the only butchers that had a return clientele... This was discovered about 100-200 years ago... Then someone figured out it was the conversion to nitrites that was the important part of meat processing.. Nitrites do not happen with any regularity in nature... It takes bacteria for the slow release on nitrites from nitrate...
At refrigeration temperatures we use, nitrate will not convert to nitrite because the bacteria are not active.. Long term curing at temps above 50 ish are necessary... think of the European exotic meats slow cured for months to years
http://mattikaarts.com/blog/nitrates-and-nitrites/
Nitrates and Nitrites – what’s the difference?
When we talk about nitrites/nitrates, we are normally talking about Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Nitrate. There are other sources however (Potassium Nitrate, or Saltpetre) and we will talk about those later.
In short, quite a lot but also not that much. It is technically nitrITES that do the work. By “do the work” I mean give cured meat that lovely pink color, and sharp cured taste. Nitrite is also the delightful compound that helps prevent Cl. botulinum developing spores that gives us botulism poisoning – the most deadliest poisoning known to man.
So what do nitrATES do, and why do we use them? Well, consider nitrates to be a “slow release” form of nitrites. Bacteria in meat after a while will react with nitrate and create nitrITE. Since nitrite gets used up during the curing process, it is important to use some nitrates for meat curing that takes a while – like salami.
However, since it can take a while for the bacteria to start reacting with sodium nitrate, we should make sure that for meat curing, which can take many months, we use BOTH nitrite and nitrate to properly color the meat, give the tenderizing and taste effect, and also most importantly provide the required protection against botulism poisoning.
Hundreds of years ago, some butchers had access to salt that had natural nitrates in it... When they cured meats that they hung in basements or caves at around 50 ish degrees, the nitrates were converted to nitrITES by a specific bacteria in the meat... Their patrons did not get botulism and die... They ended up being the only butchers that had a return clientele... This was discovered about 100-200 years ago... Then someone figured out it was the conversion to nitrites that was the important part of meat processing.. Nitrites do not happen with any regularity in nature... It takes bacteria for the slow release on nitrites from nitrate...
At refrigeration temperatures we use, nitrate will not convert to nitrite because the bacteria are not active.. Long term curing at temps above 50 ish are necessary... think of the European exotic meats slow cured for months to years