Ballpark on Turkey Smoke

[joeschmoker]

My brother and I are smoking a turkey Saturday and I'm looking for a ballpark on the time and temperature.  It's a 17.59 lb turkey.  We're going to be beer canning it and smoking it in my MES40.  Any help or recommendations greatly appreciated.

 

[fpnmf]

Thats a fairly large turkey..

I scared up some reading for ya from the handy dandy search tool up top!!!

  Have a great day!!

  Craig

http://www.smokingmeatforums.com/search.php?search=smoking+a+turkey+  

 

[meateater]

I have smoked a few 20# birds and came close to the danger zone. USDA recommends getting that bird from 40° to 140° in 4 hours or less. That would be a temp from the center of the thickest part of the breast. I don't have a MES 40 but would suggest you "Spatchcock" the bird, a fancy name for cutting out the backbone and lay it flat. However I dont think that would even fit so I would just cut it in half and smoke on two racks. If your intent on beer canning it I would keep the oven on standby to get it out of the dangerzone then return it to the smoker or not. Lot's of way's you could do it, just keep everyone safe. I do have a link to the USDA in my signature. 

 

[SmokinAl]

I agree on the danger zone issue. Most of us don't smoke birds larger than 12 pounds without spatchcocking them. I would certainly start with the MES at it's highest temp setting. 

 

[sqwib]

Ditto on the weight

This is my most recent turkey smoke on Frank

Long post...
[h3]Honey Glazed Smoked Turkey with Apple Gravy[/h3]

Note: when smoking turkey try purchasing one that is no more than 12-14 pounds. Much larger than this and the meat stays in the danger zone (40-140 °F) for too long.
A 20 pound turkey will take 10-14 hours and larger turkeys greatly increase food contamination risks. A 12-14 pound turkey will be good, however a 20 pound bird can be done, just be careful of the "Danger zone".
For a turkey over 14 pounds, bump the temp up to 300-325°F the first few hours and for goodness sake, no peeking.

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• Brine Turkey, unless it already has been, such as "Moister Enhanced with up to 8% of solution" or "Self Basting" or "Kosher".
• Brining enhances flavor but at the same time gives the cook a wider margin of error, ensuring a moist bird, in  my opinion anyway.
• USDA States that BASTED or SELF BASTED: Bone-in poultry products that are injected or marinated with a solution containing butter or other edible fat, broth, stock or water plus spices, flavor enhancers and other approved substances must be labeled as basted or self basted. The maximum added weight of approximately 3% solution before processing is included in the net weight on the label. Label must include a statement identifying the total quantity and common or usual name of all ingredients in the solution, e.g., "Injected with approximately 3% of a solution of.

• Water to salt ratio is 1:16 or 1 cup of Kosher salt per gallon of non-chlorinated water.

• Sugar reduces the the taste of the salt, use the same ratio as the salt.

• Whole Birds brine for about an hour a pound.

• Breasts no more than 5-6 hours
   

Turkey Brine:

• 2 Gal Water
• 2 Cups Kosher Salt
• 2 Cups Sugar (1 Cup white + 1 Cup Brown)
• 4 TBS Black Pepper
• 1 TBS Dried Rosemary
• 1 TBS Thyme
• 1/4 Cup White Wine (not Cooking Wine) or dry vermouth.

Combine all ingredients to 1 gallon of water in a large pot and bring to a slow simmer for 10 minute stirring, remove from heat and cool in refrigerator. Reserve  a few ounces for the beer can


Slather:

• 1/4 Cup Olive Oil
• 1 Tablespoon Worcestershire
• 1 Tablespoon Rosemary
• 1 Tablespoon Minced Onion
• 1 Teaspoon Onion Powder
• 1 Teaspoon Old Bay
• 1 Teaspoon basil
• 1 Teaspoon Thyme
• 1/2 Teaspoon Cracked Pepper
• 1/2 Teaspoon Celery Salt
• 1/2 Teaspoon Poultry Seasoning

• Remove the neck and giblets from the inside, trash the liver and place the neck and giblets in the refrigerator, this will be used for gravy. Place the turkey in cooler add brine then add enough ice to last the length of time the bird will be in the brine and make sure bird is submerged and place in a cool location. Soak a 12 pound turkey in the brine overnight or 10-12 hours in the fridge, the goal here is about an hour a pound.

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• Slather: Olive oil, butter, Garlic, Rosemary Time, Cracked Pepper, etc.. note the picture with all the spices. I warmed the slather about 25 second in microwave, mixed thoroughly and rest about half hour, then the slather is placed in the fridge to thicken up.

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• Gravy:  Fresh Sage, smoked garlic, green onions, white onion, applesauce and various spices as pictured below. Use fresh apples if you have them, the applesauce is a bit sweeter

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Steps
 ​

• Fire up smoker: and bring temp up to about 350°F. I used white ash and cherry wood.

• Setup the beer can apparatus: and fill halfway with reserved brine. I Did not brine this bird due to the fact that it was an enhanced turkey, since it was enhanced , I just used a bit of Killians and spices as pictured.

• Drip Pan: Place a grate then a disposable tin foil pan on the reverse flow plate with a quart of water to catch the drippings for gravy, add water as needed, place the giblets and neck bone in the pan. Add some celery onion slices and spices to the drip pan. This smoke I tried apple sauce for a sweet gravy and only added the neck bone at the wife's request. I did add 2 cups of water during the cook but it dd not need it.

• Reduce risk of contamination:   Make sure everything is ready, reducing the possibility of contamination for example having the spices pre-measured in bowl and slather or rubs ready to go, because you will be handling the bird.

• Trimming: Remove bird from brine, this was an enhanced bird so I did not have the option for brining, rinse thoroughly in cold water then pat dry. Trim the neck flap. Remove any pop up timer devices.

• Rub/ Slather: At the least, make sure the breast is covered in a good slather or butter.

• Stuffing the turkey: I do not cook stuffing in a smoked bird, if not being smoked on a beer can style apparatus, stuff with apple and onion quarters.

• Placing the turkey: Once the smoker is preheated, to 350°F, about an hour works for my smoker, place the turkey over top of the beer can apparatus, pin the wings close to the sides with toothpicks, place the turkey in the drip pan and insert meat probes. This cook I put the probe in the innermost thigh. Some will plug up the neck hole with an onion, this one was not but it may decrease the cooking time slightly, the jury is still out on this one. I also placed the bird in a pan to catch the drippings for the gravy.

• Smoking: Let the temp creep down slowly until a temperature range of 240-250°F is achieved, this may take an hour or so to level off. Plan on 30 to 40 minutes per pound at this temperature. Watch the wings and breast and if they start to get too brown you can cover them with some foil.

• Sanitize: Once everything is on the smoker, I will wipe everything down with Chlorox Cleanup.

• Mopping: If you want to mop your smoked turkey, wait until the last hour of the cooking time to start. This particular cook I brushed the bird  with honey about 60 minutes before it was done.

• Danger Zone: Pay close attention to the cooking temps and time, if you are nearing the 4 hour mark and are not close to 140°F, I would suggest bumping your temps up to 325°F until you are out of the "Danger Zone".

• Checking the Internal Temperature: (I strongly suggest that anyone doing whole poultry, educate themselves on the proper handling and cooking procedures.) The breast and thighs must reach different internal temperatures for ideal doneness. When the breast reaches 150°F, cover it with foil to prevent it from being overcooked. I removed this turkey when the thick part of the thigh reached 160°F. The temperature will rise after removing it from the smoker. Keep an eye on your times and temps, if you get a reading that doesn't make sense with the time chart, err on the side of caution. Although I did not take a reading of the breast it was cooked perfectly and If I had taken the thigh up to 170°F, it may have been overcooked.

• Disclaimer for cooking temps, you knew that was coming. USDA states that the turkey should be cooked to a minimum of 165°F at the lowest temp reading. I would suggest an instant read thermometer, such as a Thermapen if you plan on smoking turkey. Check at the innermost part of the thigh and the thickest part of the breast and the lowest reading should be at 165°F, per USDA guidelines.

• Resting:   Remove the turkey and cover loosely with aluminum foil for about 30 minutes. If I need up to an hour, the turkey will be wrapped in a thick towel in a non drafty area, any longer than an hour and its foiled, toweled and placed in a cooler with more towels.The resting is very important, a lot of the juices will redistribute into the meat ensuring its a moist bird. If you are pulling your turkey slightly before its final temp, make sure that you let it rest about a half hour wrapped in foil and lay a towel on top. During this rest your temps may increase due to carry over heat, so if you pulled it a little shy of 165°, don't sweat it.

• Gravy: As the bird is resting finish up the gravy, Pour liquids from beer can apparatus and the drip pan through a strainer into a pot, bring gravy to a simmer and reduce by half, add spices to your preference, remove excess oil. Use arrow root or corn starch to thicken the gravy. If you have time you can refrigerate the gravy until the oils solidify on top then scrape the grease off  the top.

• Carving: When carving the turkey if it appears pink Don't panic, this is normal. The smoking process causes a chemical change in turkey that causes it to turn pink. Just make sure the lowest reading is at 165°F.

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• Time charts, not an exact but in the ballpark,

This was a 12.4 lb bird and took almost 34 minutes per/lb at 230 - 240°F, I was at exactly 4 hours into the cook when I reached 140°F, next cook I will maintain 250- 260°F until it is out of the "danger zone", this was too close for comfort.​

• Cooking

• • At 235°F your turkey will take 30 to 35 minutes per pound.
  • At 250°F your turkey will take 25 to 30 minutes per pound.
  • At 275°F your turkey will take 20 to 25 minutes per pound.

• Thawing: Frozen turkey thawing timetable. Weight In refrigerator In cold water

          In the Refrigerator (40°F or below)
          Allow approximately 24 hours for every 4 to 5 pounds

• • 4 to 12 pounds 1 to 3 days
  • 12 to 16 pounds 3 to 4 days
  • 16 to 20 pounds 4 to 5 days
  • 20 to 24 pounds 5 to 6 days

I thawed this 12.4 pound bird in the refrigerator for 5 days and still had ice inside the turkey around the neck bone.

        In Cold Water​

      Allow approximately 30 minutes per pound

• • 4 to 12 pounds 2 to 6 hours
  • 12 to 16 pounds 6 to 8 hours
  • 16 to 20 pounds 8 to 10 hours
  • 20 to 24 pounds 10 to 12 hours

Change the water every 30 minutes. Cook the turkey immediately after it is thawed.

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Concerns/Notes:

• When carving the turkey if it appears pink Don't panic, this is normal. The smoking process causes a chemical change in turkey that causes it to turn pink. Just make sure the lowest reading throughout the turkey reads 165°F.
• This was a 12.4 lb bird and took almost 34 minutes per/lb at 230 - 240°F, I was at exactly 4 hours into the cook when I reached 140°F, next cook I will maintain 250- 260°F until it is out of the "danger zone", this was too close for comfort.
• Keep the turkey refrigerated or in iced brine until ready to cook, do not bring up to room temperature before smoking.
• Watch temps closely, the bird needs to be above 140°F in under 4 hours, bump up the temps until you are above the "Danger Zone".
• The turkey turned out great, It had good flavor and was moist throughout, the dark meat was exceptional.
• Compared to an Oven Roasted turkey and my "Keg Roasted Turkey" the smoked turkey wins over the Oven Roasted but not the Keg Roasted turkey, but in all fairness the turkey was 11 months old and was an enhanced bird so I did not have the option of brining. I will follow this up with a fresh bird next time. However the skin was much better on the smoked turkey than the Keg Roasted Turkey,
• The gravy was good but needs work, I think next time I will saute or brown some of the ingredients before adding to the drip pan and use fresh diced apples in place of apple sauce. The sauce was much better the next day, after removing the grease.
• Many will say you can not get a crisp skin smoking with low heat, I had no problem getting a crispy skin and this bird was smoked sitting in liquids.

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Spices used for the slather and Gravy	Fresh Sage, smoked garlic, green onions, white onion, applesauce and various spices.	Bird ready to go, can half full with Killians and spices as pictured with a large sprig of fresh sage and smoked garlic.
Cherry wood smoke. Note the removed grate, the pan is sitting directly on the reverse flow plate.	Foiled Wings, starting to get dark	Foiled breast when thigh reached 150°F
Removed all foil at 155°F and brushed with honey	Pulled when thigh reached 160°F	Rested, wrapped in foil and towels for 30 minutes and ready to carve.

 

[joeschmoker]

Alright, I read an older thread on here by bbally, who claims that he is a haccp and servsafe trainer, along with USA food code consultant.  He states that the 140 in 4 hour rule is now only required for 1/2" deep into intact muscle.  I'm just looking for a ballpark on time if I cook at 275.  I've seen 20 to 25 minutes per pound.  Does that sound about right?

Unpunctured, intact muscle need only have the outside 0.5 inch pass through 140 degrees within 4 hours. Something easily done at temps of 200 F or more. 

http://www.smokingmeatforums.com/forum/thread/72852/food-safety-and-low-and-slow-discussion

 

[sqwib]

Alright, I read an older thread on here by bbally, who claims that he is a haccp and servsafe trainer, along with USA food code consultant.  He states that the 140 in 4 hour rule is now only required for 1/2" deep into intact muscle.  I'm just looking for a ballpark on time if I cook at 275.  I've seen 20 to 25 minutes per pound.  Does that sound about right?

Unpunctured, intact muscle need only have the outside 0.5 inch pass through 140 degrees within 4 hours. Something easily done at temps of 200 F or more. 

http://www.smokingmeatforums.com/forum/thread/72852/food-safety-and-low-and-slow-discussion

• Time charts, not an exact but in the ballpark,

This was a 12.4 lb bird and took almost 34 minutes per/lb at 230 - 240°F, I was at exactly 4 hours into the cook when I reached 140°F, next cook I will maintain 250- 260°F until it is out of the "danger zone", this was too close for comfort.​

• Cooking

• • At 235°F your turkey will take 30 to 35 minutes per pound.
  • At 250°F your turkey will take 25 to 30 minutes per pound.
  • At 275°F your turkey will take 20 to 25 minutes per pound.

 

[SmokinAl]

That's some great instructions Sqwib!

 

[joeschmoker]

No comments on the 1/2" only needing to adhere to the 4 hour 140 degree rule compared to the entire bird?

 

[joeschmoker]

I had just been reading contradicting information on this board with most folks saying the entire piece of meat has to be at 140 degrees within 4 hours, but bbally (whose username description is "Trusted Authority") saying only 1/2" deep has to hit 140 and thought that this might be an important topic to discuss.  I'm going with the "Trusted Authority" (The bird is already in).  I'll let ya know if I make anyone sick.

 

[meateater]

I had just been reading contradicting information on this board with most folks saying the entire piece of meat has to be at 140 degrees within 4 hours, but bbally (whose username description is "Trusted Authority") saying only 1/2" deep has to hit 140 and thought that this might be an important topic to discuss.  I'm going with the "Trusted Authority" (The bird is already in).  I'll let ya know if I make anyone sick.

I'm sure Bbally is right on the subject, he has more experience. I just take it one step further for piece of mind. I like to be xtra safe with poultry. Don't forget the qview. 

 

[SmokinAl]

I don't think he meant poultry when he said the outside 1/2" has to get to 140. You have the inside of the breast exposed to air too, so it would have to get to 140 as well. Also most poultry is enhanced or injected at the packing house which would mean it's no longer intact muscle. You are taking a chance beer canning a turkey that large. The safe way would have been to spatchcock it. I hope it works out well for you, and you have a wonderful 4th of July. Let us know how it turns out.

 

[joeschmoker]

Didn't take any pictures (too busy drinking beer and playing cornhole, as this was mainly my brother's smoke)  We cranked up the MES40 to 275 to make sure we got past 140 in time.  We checked at 3.25 hours and it was at 139 on one probe and 143 on the other, so we did make it.  The bird was the most beautiful turkey I'd ever seen, perfectly brown.  I had suggested to my brother that we foil the wing tips and end of the legs to keep from burning, but we didn't do it and it still didn't burn.  The white meat was a little dry for my taste, but the dark meat was exceptional.  Yeah, I had thought about the turkey maybe being injected.  It did have a solution listed as an ingredient, but didn't actually say it was injected (but I assumed it was).

 

[africanmeat]